If your period comes on time every month, even being a few days late can make you wonder if you're pregnant. The most prevalent causes of missed periods, as well as when to seek medical help, are listed below.
If you're trying to get pregnant and your period doesn't arrive on time, your first emotion might be joy. While pregnancy is one of the most prevalent reasons for missed periods, it isn't the only one: In reality, up to a quarter of all women of childbearing age experience irregular or missing periods.
Is it common to go without a period?
It's not uncommon for your period to be irregular or absent at certain times, such as the first few years after menstruation begins, during pregnancy, and while breastfeeding.
As you approach menopause, you may potentially skip a period at the conclusion of your menstrual cycle. It's common for your period to wax and wane throughout this time, sometimes vanishing for months before finally stopping (you're officially in menopause when you've gone over 12 months without a monthly period).
Possible reasons for a missed or late period
1. Excessive activity:
Working out is, without a doubt, beneficial to your health. Your body may not create enough estrogen to finish the menstrual cycle if you overdo it (and potentially restrict your meals to lose weight).
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Amenorrhea is more common in some women, such as ballet dancers, gymnasts, and professional sports (missing a period for three or more months in a row). You don't have to be a pro to screw with your system with exercise. Excessive exercise without adequate calorie intake might also produce problems.
What are some telltale indicators that you've gone too far? Excessive or rapid weight loss, a drop in physical performance, or being forced to exercise due to injury, illness, or bad weather. Slowing down and adding some weight, if necessary, should help you get back on track.
2. Medication:
Birth control is perhaps the most prevalent medicine that causes menstrual irregularities. Hormonal contraceptives, such as the pill or patch, function by preventing the body from ovulating, which means no menstruation. But what about the monthly bleeding that occurs when you use one of these methods? When you take the placebo pills in your pack or go patch-free during the fourth week of your cycle, you'll get withdrawal bleeding, which is a "false" period caused by a decline in hormones.
Birth control, on the other hand, can suppress hormones to the point where you have extremely minimal bleeding or no period at all during that week off. Some drugs are even designed to keep your period from starting for a longer period of time (three months or more). Other hormonal birth control methods, such as the Depo-Provera injection or the IUD, thin the uterine lining to the point where it may not shed monthly.
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If you've recently used emergency contraception, often known as the "morning after pill," it's possible that you'll have a late or missing period (bring this up with your doctor).
Antidepressants, some antipsychotics, corticosteroids, and chemotherapy treatments are among the medications that might induce irregular periods.
If you've recently stopped using the pill in the hopes of becoming pregnant, you could notice that it takes a month or so for your cycle to return to normal, in which case a missed period could simply be your body readjusting. However, if you're unsure whether you're pregnant, see your doctor.
3. Pregnancy
A late period can sometimes signify precisely what you think it means: you're pregnant! Because many of the early pregnancy symptoms — such as cramps, bloating, nausea, spotting, fatigue, breast tenderness, and even food aversions — are identical to those experienced in the days leading up to menstruation, it might be difficult to know whether you're pregnant or not.
Taking an at-home pregnancy test is the quickest and most convenient approach to determine if your missed period is due to pregnancy.
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These tests look for hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin, a hormone produced during pregnancy) in your urine. Pregnancy tests are most accurate the day after your missed period, however some brands claim to be able to detect a pregnancy up to five days ahead of your period's due date.
4. Breastfeeding
Because prolactin, the hormone responsible for breast milk production, also suppresses ovulation, you might not get your period for a while if you're breastfeeding.
While breastfeeding, many mothers don't have a period for months (or even years). However, a pause in your cycle does not rule out the possibility of becoming pregnant. Remember that ovulation happens before your period. It's possible that you'll ovulation and become pregnant before your period arrives. After weaning, most moms should have their periods return within six to eight weeks. Talk to your doctor if you haven't had your period three months after you stopped breastfeeding.
5. Thyroid disease
It's a condition that affects the thyroid gland
When your thyroid, the gland in charge of your body's metabolism, isn't working properly, it might lead to irregular menstruation cycles. Periods that are lighter and less frequent can be caused by an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism). Weight loss, quick heartbeat, excessive sweating, and difficulty sleeping are some of the other symptoms.
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Periods may be less frequent but heavier if your thyroid is underactive (hypothyroidism). Weight gain, lethargy, dry skin, and hair loss are all symptoms of hypothyroidism. Your doctor can use a blood test to see if you have a thyroid issue.
6. Stress
Stress is known to cause a variety of negative side effects, such as headaches, weight gain, and acne, so it should come as no surprise that it can also impact your menstrual cycle.
Your body creates the hormones adrenaline and cortisol when you're under physical or emotional stress. Until the anxiety-inducing event is over, elevated levels of these stress hormones push the brain to decide which physical processes are necessary and which are not.
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Stress doesn't usually interfere with your cycle, but it can occasionally create hormonal imbalances, which might throw off your body's ovulation timing and cause your period to be delayed.
7. Unbalanced hormones
The condition polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) occurs when the female sex hormones are out of balance. PCOS can develop ovarian cysts and prevent ovulation from occurring on a regular basis. PCOS can cause excessive hair growth, acne, weight gain, and infertility, in addition to missed or irregular periods.
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If you think PCOS is the cause of your menstrual issues, your doctor might do a blood test to examine your hormone levels. If PCOS is the cause, your doctor may advise you to use birth control to keep your periods in check.
8. Weight
Your weight has an impact on your hypothalamus, a brain organ that regulates a variety of bodily functions, including your menstrual cycle.
The hypothalamus can be stressed by extreme weight loss, poor calorie intake, or being severely underweight. This may prevent your body from manufacturing the estrogen required to develop the uterine lining.
Being overweight or gaining a lot of weight in a short period of time, on the other hand, can cause your body to create too much estrogen. An excess might cause ovulation to stop for a few months or cause the endometrial lining to overgrow and become unstable, leading to heavy, irregular, or skipped periods.
Consult your doctor and gain a healthy amount of weight if you're underweight, or lose weight if you're overweight, to get your periods back to normal side
9. Illness
Certain diseases, such as a cold or the flu, can also stress the body, causing ovulation to be delayed and, as a result, your menstruation to be delayed. If you missed a period due to illness around the time of ovulation, it will most likely return the next cycle.
10. Change in schedule
Switching things up, such as working the night shift instead of the day shift or moving across the nation, might throw off your internal body clock, which regulates your hormones. This can lead to missed or late periods, but they should return after your body adjusts to the change or your schedule returns to normal.
If your menstruation hasn't started within seven days of when you expected it, it's termed late (most pregnancy tests will also be able to give you accurate results by this time).
Is there a limit to how late a period can be?
A usual menstrual cycle lasts 28 days, although it can be as short as 21 days or as long as 35 days depending on the lady. Keep track of your period for several months to search for trends and changes in your cycle (there are some smartphone apps that make tracking easier). This will assist you in determining what a "typical" menstrual cycle looks like for you.
If your menstruation hasn't started within seven days of when you expected it, it's termed late (most pregnancy tests will also be able to give you accurate results by this time).
When your period is late, what should you do?
To be cautious, if your period is more than a week late and you have a negative pregnancy test, you should make an appointment with your health care provider. A blood test can be performed by your doctor to confirm that you are not pregnant.
It's good to relax and go with the flow if the blood test is likewise negative and your practitioner has ruled out any other potential issues (pardon the pun). Every woman misses a period now and then, especially if she is stressed or sick. Relax and do everything you can to reduce anxiety by eating well, sleeping well, and exercising.
If you go more than 90 days without a period or miss your period more than three times a year, your doctor should conduct additional testing to rule out a medical illness.
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